In 2001 rather than December 2 s.d. June 16 some people echelon II officials in the Ministry of Religious Affairs and the regional center to visit the United States, particularly in the state of Virginia, to conduct comparative studies in education. The result of comparative studies have been reported to the leadership of the Department of Religion, but probably a small part of knowing. Even the participants who took part did a comparative study might have forgotten since crushed by the various programs and activities undertaken in each unit. Here I try to tell back some of the things associated with the results of these comparative studies.
Overview of the education system in the U.S.
There are two kinds of education in the U.S., namely public and private, yet between them there is education in the home. Because there is no mention in the constitution, then the responsibility is on the state of education. Supervision of education conducted by the 3 parties, namely federal, state, and local control. At the local level, surveillance conducted by the school board, superintendent, school districts, parents, and community. Each state or state had its own education system, so there are 50 different education systems in the U.S. according to the number of states. Each delegate powers to the school board. Therefore, control of education lies in schools and communities in the district.
Each school has a system of education. If the number of schools in the U.S. there are 14,000, this means that there are 14,000 kinds of education systems. This amount decreased from year to year. In 1930 as many as 130,000 thousand, and in 2000 lived 14,000. Regulated learning hours every day between 6-7 hours, including lunch. Within a year came in about 180-190 days are divided into 4 quarters @ 9 weeks for the high school. Meanwhile, elementary-secondary level between 6-7 hours a day @ 45-55 minute lessons. Sometimes there are scheduling with a time of 90 minutes called (block (.
Core curriculum determined by each state, consisting of: language arts (writing, spelling, reading), language, science, mathematics, social science, and sports. Terms of graduates is determined by each state, and at that time 34 states require tests for students who produce the product, so not a written test. These products which include the results of research and presented in front of the class. Ebtanas not exist. Apparently, no one particular educational system should be adopted in the U.S..
The concept of educational leadership and management
Leadership and management are distinguished by their functions, namely: leadership serves to make the change, while management works to overcome the complexity or maintain the status quo. Both have the same function, namely: (a) establish something to be done, (b) create networks and relationships in order to achieve the goal, and (c) attempt to convince people to want to do the job.
The concept of policy
Education policy made by federal, state, and school district level; and implemented by the superintendent or superintendent. The values debate in education there are four, namely: (a) equality, that every child gets the opportunity to learn, (b) efficiency, (c) autonomy, and (d) of high quality. Political support must be aligned for purposes of education achieved, and philosophy should be the same.
Structuring education
Structuring education conducted by the 4 levels, namely: (a) local, consisting of school board, superintendent, principals, parents, and community, (b) region, located in certain states only (29 states) who coordinate and services such as consulting, human resources curriculum, instruction, evaluation, and training, (c) state, making the school rules and establish the school board, and (d) federal, which provides financial support, but did not interfere in education policy. Private schools follow the rules in force in both the field of public school curriculum, student welfare, health, and others.
Comparison of the educational system in the U.S. and Indonesia
A clear comparison in terms of teachers are in field conditions. Teachers must have a teaching license issued by the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards. This license must be renewed every 5 years. Teachers should be educated at least S-1 in the subjects taught, and master the methods of learning. Renewal licenses are intended for teachers keep up to date and add his knowledge. He should take a course in college who reach 180 points, or equivalent to 6 credits.
Overview of the education system in the U.S.
There are two kinds of education in the U.S., namely public and private, yet between them there is education in the home. Because there is no mention in the constitution, then the responsibility is on the state of education. Supervision of education conducted by the 3 parties, namely federal, state, and local control. At the local level, surveillance conducted by the school board, superintendent, school districts, parents, and community. Each state or state had its own education system, so there are 50 different education systems in the U.S. according to the number of states. Each delegate powers to the school board. Therefore, control of education lies in schools and communities in the district.
Each school has a system of education. If the number of schools in the U.S. there are 14,000, this means that there are 14,000 kinds of education systems. This amount decreased from year to year. In 1930 as many as 130,000 thousand, and in 2000 lived 14,000. Regulated learning hours every day between 6-7 hours, including lunch. Within a year came in about 180-190 days are divided into 4 quarters @ 9 weeks for the high school. Meanwhile, elementary-secondary level between 6-7 hours a day @ 45-55 minute lessons. Sometimes there are scheduling with a time of 90 minutes called (block (.
Core curriculum determined by each state, consisting of: language arts (writing, spelling, reading), language, science, mathematics, social science, and sports. Terms of graduates is determined by each state, and at that time 34 states require tests for students who produce the product, so not a written test. These products which include the results of research and presented in front of the class. Ebtanas not exist. Apparently, no one particular educational system should be adopted in the U.S..
The concept of educational leadership and management
Leadership and management are distinguished by their functions, namely: leadership serves to make the change, while management works to overcome the complexity or maintain the status quo. Both have the same function, namely: (a) establish something to be done, (b) create networks and relationships in order to achieve the goal, and (c) attempt to convince people to want to do the job.
The concept of policy
Education policy made by federal, state, and school district level; and implemented by the superintendent or superintendent. The values debate in education there are four, namely: (a) equality, that every child gets the opportunity to learn, (b) efficiency, (c) autonomy, and (d) of high quality. Political support must be aligned for purposes of education achieved, and philosophy should be the same.
Structuring education
Structuring education conducted by the 4 levels, namely: (a) local, consisting of school board, superintendent, principals, parents, and community, (b) region, located in certain states only (29 states) who coordinate and services such as consulting, human resources curriculum, instruction, evaluation, and training, (c) state, making the school rules and establish the school board, and (d) federal, which provides financial support, but did not interfere in education policy. Private schools follow the rules in force in both the field of public school curriculum, student welfare, health, and others.
Comparison of the educational system in the U.S. and Indonesia
A clear comparison in terms of teachers are in field conditions. Teachers must have a teaching license issued by the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards. This license must be renewed every 5 years. Teachers should be educated at least S-1 in the subjects taught, and master the methods of learning. Renewal licenses are intended for teachers keep up to date and add his knowledge. He should take a course in college who reach 180 points, or equivalent to 6 credits.
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