Psikonaliasis touted as the first force in the flow of psychology. This flow was first developed in 1890s by Simund Freud, a neurologist who managed to find ways of effective treatment for patients who experience symptoms of neurotic disorders and hysteria through experimental treatment technique called abreaction, a combination of hypnotic techniques with catharsis, which he learned from a senior while his friend, Dr. Josef Breuer. Together with Breuer, Freud dealing with patients with disorders of hysteria that became material for his writings: "Studies in Hysteria". Collaboration with Jean Martin Charcot, the famous physician in France nerve, he dug a lot about psychosomatic symptoms of patients who experienced sexual harassment.
Freud has developed a theory of personality structure that divides the mind into three parts, namely: consciousness (conscious mind), preconsciousness (conscious threshold) and unconsciousness (the unconscious). Of the three aspects of consciousness, unconsciousness is the most dominant and most important in determining human behavior (the analogy with the iceberg). In the unsconscious stored memories of childhood, a great psychic energy and instinct. Preconsciousness act as a bridge between the conscious and unconscious, containing memories or ideas that can be accessed at any time. Consciousness is just a small part of the mind, but the only part that has direct contact with reality. Freud developed the concept of the structure of mind is to develop "mind apparatus", which is known as Freud's personality structure and become konstruknya most importantly, the id, ego and super ego. Id is the most basic structure of personality, entirely unconscious and work according to the pleasure principle, the aim is the fulfillment of immediate satisfaction. The ego develops from the id, the personality structure that controls consciousness and take decisions on human behavior. Superego, develops from the ego when people understand the value of moral good and bad. Superego reflects social values and individual awareness of the moral tuntuta. In the event of violation of values, the superego punishes the ego with the sense wrong. Ego always face the tension between the demands of the id and superego. If the claim is not resolved properly, then comes the ego is threatened and anxiety (anxiety). In order to save themselves from the threat, the ego to react defensively / self defense. This is known as a defensive mecahnism that type can vary, such as: identification, projection, fixation, agesi regression, repression.
Psychoanalysis of Freud's thinking more and continues to grow, Alfred Adler (1870-1937), as a follower of Freud who has developed his own theory called Individual Psychology. The main concept is to organ inferiority Adler. Departing from his theory of the inferiority because of trying to overcome the physical deficiencies of man, he expanded his theory by stating that the feelings of inferiority are universal. Every human being must have a feeling inferior because of shortcomings and try to make compensation for these feelings. This compensation could be in the form adjust or establish a defense that allows it to overcome these weaknesses. Furthermore, Adler also talks about striving for superiority, namely the drive to overcome inferiority to achieve excellence. This impulse innate nature and is a strong driving force for the individual throughout his life. The existence of the human striving for superiority led to ever-evolving towards perfection. This theory makes Adler has a more optimistic outlook and positive impact on humans and are more oriented to the future than Freud's more oriented to the past.
Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961), one of Freud's disciples who later managed to develop his own theory called Analytical Psychology. Jung's emphasis on aspects ketidakadaran with its main concept, collective unconscious. This concept of transpersonal nature, exist in all humans. This can be proven through the human brain structure that has not changed. Collective unconscious consists of memory traces derived from the older generation, coverage is up to the pre-human. For example, in love with the parents, afraid of wild animals, and others. Collective unconscious is a basic human personality because of the value and wisdom contained therein adopted by humans. Derived ideas or primordial images called archetype, which is formed from repeated experience in a long time. There are some fundamental archetype in men, the persona, anima, shadow, self. Archetype that is the content of collective unconsciousness. (Hana Panggabean, 2007, http://rumahbelajarpsikologi.com)
Until now in the United States recorded approximately 35 training institutes Psychoanalysis that has been accredited by the American Psychoanalytic Association and there are more than 3,000 graduates who practice psychoanalysis. Thinking of psychoanalysis not only flourished in America in almost all parts of Europe and other parts of the world.
Several theories generated from the psychoanalysis, including: (1) theory of conflict, (2) ego psychology, (3) theory of object relations, (4) structural theory, and so forth
Despite the controversy that accompanies it, psychoanalysis is one of the flow of psychology who has managed to uncover the human side of life that can not be observed by human senses. Psychoanalysis has brought its vanguard, that is Sigmund Freud as one of psychology's most popular figures in America in the 20th century.
Source:
Hana Panggabean, 2007, http://rumahbelajarpsikologi.com
Wikipedia. 2007. Psychoanalysis. http://en.wikipedia.org/
Freud has developed a theory of personality structure that divides the mind into three parts, namely: consciousness (conscious mind), preconsciousness (conscious threshold) and unconsciousness (the unconscious). Of the three aspects of consciousness, unconsciousness is the most dominant and most important in determining human behavior (the analogy with the iceberg). In the unsconscious stored memories of childhood, a great psychic energy and instinct. Preconsciousness act as a bridge between the conscious and unconscious, containing memories or ideas that can be accessed at any time. Consciousness is just a small part of the mind, but the only part that has direct contact with reality. Freud developed the concept of the structure of mind is to develop "mind apparatus", which is known as Freud's personality structure and become konstruknya most importantly, the id, ego and super ego. Id is the most basic structure of personality, entirely unconscious and work according to the pleasure principle, the aim is the fulfillment of immediate satisfaction. The ego develops from the id, the personality structure that controls consciousness and take decisions on human behavior. Superego, develops from the ego when people understand the value of moral good and bad. Superego reflects social values and individual awareness of the moral tuntuta. In the event of violation of values, the superego punishes the ego with the sense wrong. Ego always face the tension between the demands of the id and superego. If the claim is not resolved properly, then comes the ego is threatened and anxiety (anxiety). In order to save themselves from the threat, the ego to react defensively / self defense. This is known as a defensive mecahnism that type can vary, such as: identification, projection, fixation, agesi regression, repression.
Psychoanalysis of Freud's thinking more and continues to grow, Alfred Adler (1870-1937), as a follower of Freud who has developed his own theory called Individual Psychology. The main concept is to organ inferiority Adler. Departing from his theory of the inferiority because of trying to overcome the physical deficiencies of man, he expanded his theory by stating that the feelings of inferiority are universal. Every human being must have a feeling inferior because of shortcomings and try to make compensation for these feelings. This compensation could be in the form adjust or establish a defense that allows it to overcome these weaknesses. Furthermore, Adler also talks about striving for superiority, namely the drive to overcome inferiority to achieve excellence. This impulse innate nature and is a strong driving force for the individual throughout his life. The existence of the human striving for superiority led to ever-evolving towards perfection. This theory makes Adler has a more optimistic outlook and positive impact on humans and are more oriented to the future than Freud's more oriented to the past.
Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961), one of Freud's disciples who later managed to develop his own theory called Analytical Psychology. Jung's emphasis on aspects ketidakadaran with its main concept, collective unconscious. This concept of transpersonal nature, exist in all humans. This can be proven through the human brain structure that has not changed. Collective unconscious consists of memory traces derived from the older generation, coverage is up to the pre-human. For example, in love with the parents, afraid of wild animals, and others. Collective unconscious is a basic human personality because of the value and wisdom contained therein adopted by humans. Derived ideas or primordial images called archetype, which is formed from repeated experience in a long time. There are some fundamental archetype in men, the persona, anima, shadow, self. Archetype that is the content of collective unconsciousness. (Hana Panggabean, 2007, http://rumahbelajarpsikologi.com)
Until now in the United States recorded approximately 35 training institutes Psychoanalysis that has been accredited by the American Psychoanalytic Association and there are more than 3,000 graduates who practice psychoanalysis. Thinking of psychoanalysis not only flourished in America in almost all parts of Europe and other parts of the world.
Several theories generated from the psychoanalysis, including: (1) theory of conflict, (2) ego psychology, (3) theory of object relations, (4) structural theory, and so forth
Despite the controversy that accompanies it, psychoanalysis is one of the flow of psychology who has managed to uncover the human side of life that can not be observed by human senses. Psychoanalysis has brought its vanguard, that is Sigmund Freud as one of psychology's most popular figures in America in the 20th century.
Source:
Hana Panggabean, 2007, http://rumahbelajarpsikologi.com
Wikipedia. 2007. Psychoanalysis. http://en.wikipedia.org/
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